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COURSE CODE 3050402 PG DIPLOMA EXAMINATION - JAN 2009 PGDCA COMPUTER talk AND NETWORK Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:75 Section - A 9. expand ICMP? Internet aver Message Protocol (ICMP) delimit by RFC 792 and RFC 1122 is used for communicate error reporting and generating messages that shoot attention. The errors describe by ICMP argon generally related to datagram processing. ICMP wholly reports errors involving dismantle 0 of any fragmented datagrams. The IP, UDP or transmission control protocol form will usually take action rear on ICMP messages. ICMP generally belongs to the IP layer of TCP/IP merely relies on IP for support at the improvement layer. ICMP messages are encapsulated inside IP datagrams. ICMP will report the avocation network information: Timeouts Network over-crowding Network errors much(prenominal) as an unaccessible host or network. The ping call for is also back up by ICMP, and this can be used to debug network problem s. 19. a. Explain about congestion control? Congestion Control http://cnx.org/content/m13361/latest/ A technique for observe network employment and manipulating transmission or forwarding grade for data frames to keep traffic levels from whelm the network medium. It gets its key out because it avoids network traffic jams.[6] In Asynchronous Transfer trend ( aura) networks, congestion control schemes whitethorn be based on fields at burden the ATM cell header (CLP, EFCI within the PTI) or may be based on a more sophisticate mechanism between the ATM end-system and ATM switches. The ATM fabrication has developed a mechanism based on treasure control for Available Bit respect (ABR)-type traffic. In ready Relay networks, congestion is handled by the FECN, BECN and DE bits. What causes congestion? The assumption that statistical multiplexing can be used to mitigate the link utilization is that the users do not reach their point in fourth dimension rate val ues simultaneously, but since the traffic de! mands are random and cannot be predicted, congestion is unavoidable....If you want to get a sufficiency essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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